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I get a lot of questions about what we do for Lyme disease prevention here, so I wanted to share our personal approach and experience. This is not veterinary advice, just what has worked for our crew over many years. Always talk with your own vet and do what feels right for your animals. 💛
We do not vaccinate for Lyme, and we also use minimal chemical preventatives. Have we ever dealt with Lyme? Yes. In 20+ years of owning horses, we had one horse test positive for Lyme. We treated with doxycycline, and he was never symptomatic after treatment. For dogs, horses, livestock, and even people, doxycycline and amoxicillin are commonly used antibiotics when Lyme is suspected and there are clinical signs—again, under the guidance of a veterinarian or physician. And let’s be honest… none of us are popping NexGard in our own mouths every month. At most vet clinics, the in-house Lyme screening is a “snap test.” That test looks for exposure—basically, whether a tick has transmitted Lyme bacteria at some point.
What can happen is that Lyme can sit quietly in the body and then “wake up” when the host is stressed or dealing with another issue—an ear infection, a virus, a general immune dip. That’s when you might suddenly see a fever, lethargy, stiffness, or just a dog that feels crummy overall. Even with all the chemical preventatives and vaccines, our animals (and we) can still be bitten by ticks. None of these products are 100%, and the idea is that the tick dies or falls off before it can transmit disease—but a bite is still a bite. For our animals, if there are true symptoms of Lyme and a positive test, a round of antibiotics (again, guided by a vet) has been, in my opinion, a better option than layering on lots of chemical preventatives month after month. For us, the side effects of the cure feel more acceptable than the potential side effects of constant chemicals. I am not a veterinarian—I’m just someone with a small herd of animals who has been doing this a long time. Over the years, this is the balance that has worked for us:
Every family, every dog, and every environment is different. Please partner with your vet, do your homework, and choose the path that feels right for you and your animals. 🐾💛 https://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/lyme-vaccine-dogs/ At Fairfax Pines, every dog—from wiggly babies to our 100-pound stud boys—moves on a simple slip lead. No flat collar, no harness, just one tidy tool that keeps everyone safe and in sync.
I’ve boarded plenty of sweet family dogs who arrive in collars and harnesses… and I still can’t steer them. Meanwhile, I can guide my biggest boys with two fingers. What’s the difference? Manners and clear communication. A slip lead helps me create both. What a Slip Lead Is (and isn’t) A slip lead is a leash-and-collar in one. Used correctly, it gives clear, kind communication: Light pressure = “please pause/slow.” Instant release = “yes, that’s it—good choice.” It’s not a punishment tool. It’s a teaching tool. Why We Love It Fast & simple: On/off in seconds—perfect for potty trips, vet runs, walking and hiking... Clear feedback: Pressure on → dog softens → pressure off. Dogs learn release cues quickly (and handlers learn soft hands). Calmer thresholds: Safer doorways, gates, and parking lots; reduces door-darting chaos. Low profile: Less gear, more focus—especially helpful for young or overstimulated pups. The Real Reason It Works: Manners > Muscle I can “control” a 100-pound intact male on a slip lead because he understands the conversation: my hands whisper; he listens. A 60-pound pet with no leash manners can out-muscle any harness because there’s no shared language—just pulling. The slip lead helps us build that language fast. How to Use It (Safety First) High on the neck: Place the loop just behind the ears for gentle control. Orientation matters: Dog on your left = loop looks like a “P.” (Right side = “q.”) That makes it loosen instantly. Set the stopper: Snug it so the loop can’t drop too low or slip off. Supervision only: Remove for crating or unsupervised time. Soft hands: Guide, don’t jerk. Reward the moment the leash softens. 60-Second Starter Drill (Do this 2–3×/day) Slip on high, stopper set. Take 3 slow steps. If the leash tightens, freeze. Pup offers even a tiny slack? Release and calmly “good.” Repeat another 3 steps. End on a win. You’re teaching: “Slack makes the world go forward.” A stomach bug kept us home this weekend from showing... But We just got the best show news!!!
This morning I heard from Michaela Wille that her girl has closed the deal on her Grand Championship! GCH Fairfax Pines Little Black Lies with Red Diamonds “Secret” finished in style at the Town & Country Kennel Club in Chickasha, Oklahoma, under Judge Jamie Hubbard, and was beautifully presented by professional handler Rachel Hanna. This is the very girl we were once on the fence about being “enough”… and wow, did she prove that she was more than enough and then some! In true Secret fashion, Grant delivered her to Michaela incognito, completely unbeknownst to Michaela’s husband. (Hence the name Secret!) John finally connected the dots after a few days, and from there it’s been a wild, wonderful ride. Secret settled into Kansas life quickly and came in like a twister from the east, making herself right at home and turning heads in and out of the ring. Huge congratulations to Michaela and Secret!!! We are so proud of you both and thrilled to see a Fairfax Pines girl shine so brightly. Secret is a Primo x Tovi daughter Red Diamond Red English Labradors It seems to be an increasing trend for families to request a puppy as a “therapy dog prospect,” and I’ll be honest, I dread these applications, simply because there are so many variables involved. In formal service and therapy dog programs that support people with disabilities, a large percentage of dogs (often around 70%) do not complete certification. That’s not because they’re “bad” dogs. The standards, environments, and expectations in those programs are extremely specific and very high, and not every wonderful dog is suited to that kind of work. A family companion who offers emotional support, comfort, and a calming presence is a bit different than a formally certified service, facility, or therapy dog. Our dogs have been very successful in those “therapy-type” roles. We currently have two grief-support dogs working at a local funeral home, and we’ve had dogs participate in the therapy dog program at West Virginia University. Even so, there are still many moving parts: the home environment, the handler’s consistency, the type of work envisioned, and the dog’s individual temperament and maturity. A good trainer and clear, realistic goals are absolutely essential. We are always happy to help guide families toward a puppy that may have the right temperament for this kind of work—with the understanding that we cannot promise an 8–12 week-old baby will grow up to retrieve heart medication off the counter on command. When we talk about emotional support, it’s important to remember that many dogs naturally respond to “their person’s” emotions, and Labradors especially love helping, comforting, and snuggling. But puppies also need structure: clear boundaries, socialization, and consistent communication. We never want a puppy placed in a situation where, for example, an owner is fearful of public places and therefore never socializes the dog, then later feels disappointed that the dog is unsure or reactive in public settings. In those cases, the puppy has been unintentionally set up to fail, and that isn’t fair to the dog. Our priority—always—is happy, well-adjusted puppies and adult dogs. We strongly encourage puppy classes, ongoing training, and appropriate exposure to the world as they grow. Labradors are, in many ways, born “half-trained.” They come with so much goodwill, intelligence, and desire to please. Most long-term training and behavior issues stem not from the dog, but from a lack of guidance, boundaries, and follow-through from the humans on the other end of the leash. With the right expectations, support, and commitment, a Labrador can be an incredible emotional partner...whether or not they ever earn a formal therapy or service dog title. Maybe it’s Maybelline… nope, pretty sure it’s menopause.
What a week: boiler issues (still not fixed), trying to plan Thanksgiving, juggling puppies, and realizing Christmas is basically… tomorrow. My patience, which is usually pretty generous, has been feeling a little thin. I feel like the Soup Nazi from Seinfeld — except with puppies. “Vet says: we always spay at 6 months.” Me: “No puppy for you!” All joking aside, this is the time things get interesting with our litters. As puppies approach 16 weeks and go in for that final round of puppy shots, many veterinarians will naturally start talking about “the next step” — spay/neuter. Here’s where I have to lovingly but firmly draw a line for our Fairfax Pines families: We do not condone spaying or neutering prior to 18 months of age. This isn’t about being difficult or “anti-vet.” I love our veterinarians and respect their role completely. I’m not an extremist. But I am a breeder who lives with, studies, and watches these dogs day in and day out, year after year. So much research over the past several years has shown increased orthopedic and health risks with early spay/neuter, especially in large breeds. Your puppy has a lot of growing, filling out, and developing to do before their body is truly ready for such a big hormonal change. I’m simply asking our families to: Do your homework – read, ask questions, look at both sides. Think about long-term health, not just short-term convenience. Give your puppy the chance to grow up before altering them. For our Fairfax Pines contract and health warranty, this is important: Our health warranty is voided if your puppy is spayed or neutered prior to 18 months. Not because we want to be harsh, but because we want to stack the deck in your dog’s favor for a long, healthy life. So if your vet casually says, “We always spay at 6 months,” it’s okay to smile and say: “My breeder requires I wait until at least 18 months, and I’d like to follow that.” Blame it on me. I’ll happily be the “No Puppy For You” lady if it means healthier adults in the long run. I’ve had so many messages asking what we feed for those glossy, “did-you-just-bathe-him?” coats… so here it is! Fairfax Pines Shiny Coat Recipe: Base kibble: Pro Plan All Life Stages 30/20 Salmon Sardines: 1 can in water per week 1/3 can on Mon, Wed & Fri Nupro Gold: light sprinkle on meals Stella & Chewy Dinner Dust: just a little “fairy dust” on top We rarely bathe our dogs (unless they’re super muddy) – most of their shine truly comes from the inside out. I’ll drop Amazon links below to our favorites so you can snag them easily! Fairfax Pines English Labradors's Amazon Page She did it! Fairfax Pines Viscountess “Tess” is now an AKC Champion. We thought it might happen at last weekend’s specialty—today it’s official. Tess (Fairfax Pines Viscountess), daughter of our beloved Fairfax Pines Rocco’s Enter Sandman “Rocky” and Fairfax Pines Mega Pint “Meg,” has finished her Championship. Woven through her pedigree are so many Fairfax Pines “OGs” and favorites—Meg, Tovi, Clara, and yes… Dune (our Dune-buggy granddaughter!). This little girl from the hills of West Virginia did us proud. From the day she was born—one of ten black puppies—Tess just stood out. We only bred her mom once (I still ask myself why!); Tess has been a focused, business-minded girl ever since. In the ring she’s a dream: true free stacks, laser focus, the “go in, do the job, no questions asked” attitude we adore. Career highlights on the road to CH: 11× Best Puppy in Specialty 4-point Major under breeder-judge Jennifer Stotts 4-point Major under breeder-judge Ron Morelos Multiple singles along the way 2× Best of Breed Several Reserve Winners Bitch placements Thank you (with all our hearts): To Grant, who showed Tess predominantly and believed in her from the jump. To Kelly Shupp (and team) for polishing the final pieces—finishing her singles and that last major—Tess shined with Kelly just as much as with us. And to the breeder-judges who recognized her virtues, thank you for finding our girl. Tess carries notable champions and grand champions, but what makes us most proud is seeing our Fairfax Pines legacy threaded through her—Rocky, Meg, and the lines we’ve loved and stewarded. Today we celebrate a title; every day we celebrate the dog. Yay, Tessie! Our trip to Nationals became a journey of heartbreak when our beloved Archer slipped through the hotel door and, for reasons we may never understand, made his way toward the highway instead of exploring the housing developments behind our hotel. Despite our frantic search, calling his name and tracing every path, his time here was called sooner than we could bear.
We carry him home now to the hills of West Virginia to the land where he ran free, watched the sunrise, and knew only love. Though our arms ache with emptiness, we know his spirit is not lost, only transformed. He runs now in fields without fences, guided by light, embraced by peace… We trust that God’s hand reached out before harm could, and that Archer’s gentle soul crossed into eternity surrounded by grace. He will rest where the pines whisper and the wind carries his name … a loyal heart returned to the soil he knew as home, aguardian now watching over the ones who loved him most. Run free, sweet Archer. Until we meet again on the other side of the rainbow’s edge. We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to The Labrador Retriever Club, Inc. for placing a memorial brick in memory of our sweet Archie — “Fairfax Pines The Archer.” This gesture took our breath away. To have Archie’s name engraved and set among tributes at Purina Farms, is a kindness we will never forget. Every Labrador leaves pawprints on a family, but some leave a path you can trace for years. Archie was one of those dogs. He was steady and gentle, with a sense of humor that seemed to arrive right when we needed it. He loved people—all people—and had the rare gift of reading a room and settling beside whoever needed comfort most. Whether it was a long day on the farm, a busy show weekend, or simply a quiet evening, Archie was the presence that made everything feel complete. The memorial brick means his name—and the love behind it—will endure beyond our gate. It gives us a place to pause, to remember the feel of his head beneath our hand, and to smile at the stories we tell again and again. Why Do We Keep Showing Up?
As football season rolls in and we prepare for another round of Fall Labrador Specialties, there’s that familiar buzz in the air—sports rankings, team predictions, athlete stats… and in our world, dog show points, pedigrees, and standings. The two might seem worlds apart, but really, they’re not so different. In both arenas, we often lose more than we win. So why do we keep showing up? Take us Mountaineer fans. We’re the toughest bunch I know. We just rehired a coach who once left us in the lurch—on the cusp of a national championship, no less—all for money and politics. So why bring him back? Because we want to win. Because we believe. Because our love for our players, our team, our school, and our state runs deep—deeper than wins and losses. That kind of passion puts the Labrador show world into perspective. We spend thousands of dollars, travel coast to coast, chase judges and points, and yet… that’s not really why we show up. We show up for the buzz—the crates unloading, dogs getting brushed, the hustle and bustling, friends laughing (Grant cursing lol). But that all fades into something richer. We show up for the people. The familiar faces. The ones we love—and maybe even the ones we love to hate a little. We get caught in conversations, forget our numbers, get to the ring late or miss a class—not because we don’t care, but because we care so much about each other. We show up for the dogs. The ones we’ve bred, fed, groomed, trained, and loved with everything we have. And sure, we want that judge’s nod. But when it doesn’t come—and it often doesn’t—it’s the comments from the many trusted friends that stick with us longer than any ribbon: “Wow—what’s the breeding on her?” “You’ve got a really nice one there.” Those words, those connections—they matter. We show up for the margaritas and lobster dinners For the raffle baskets full of things we already have too much of. For the friends who lend us dryers, bait, squeakers, or a shoulder to cry on when things go sideways. We show up for each other. To help ringside. To cheer someone’s young hopeful. To mourn the losses and celebrate the legacies. To swap stories and grooming secrets. To hold puppies and hold hearts. Because in the end, it’s never “just a dog show.” It’s so much more. And that—that—is why we keep showing up. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 (and stacked pedigrees)
🔸 Narrow gene pool: Popular sires concentrate desirable traits, but they also magnify faults. Over time, this creates “bottlenecks” where too much of the breed traces back to the same few dogs. 🔸 Hidden recessives: When close relatives are stacked in pedigrees, genetic disorders surface faster. What was once a hidden carrier becomes a widespread problem across an entire population. 🔸 Loss of hybrid vigor: Linebred dogs may look consistent in type, but too often lose resilience — leading to declining fertility, shorter lifespans, and reduced immune strength. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐃𝐨 ✅ Injects fresh blood → restoring hybrid vigor ✅ Balances extreme traits → keeping dogs functional and sound ✅ Reduces inherited disorders → widening the gene pool ✅ Rebuilds fertility, stamina, and longevity → prioritizing lasting strength over short-term brilliance 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭In the horse world, Hall of Fame sires like Doc Bar and King were not the “stacked pedigrees” of their time — they were bold outcrosses that reshaped entire bloodlines. What once seemed “too different” decades ago ended up producing champions when balanced correctly. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 “𝐅𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡” 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦Too often, breeders chase the dog that’s currently on top — the one with ads in every magazine, a flashy handler, or the #1 ranking that year. Those dogs are bred hundreds of times, and within just a few years, nearly every pedigree has them doubled and tripled. ⚠️ The result?
𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐍𝐨𝐰The Labrador’s genetic base is shrinking. Bone, fertility, and durability are declining. We’re producing dogs that look good on paper but are fragile in practice. A true outcross means no duplicated ancestors within the first five generations — not just “different-looking blood” but genuinely fresh genetics. Producing puppies with a 0% COI (inbreeding coefficient) over five generations is rare, and incredibly valuable. 💪 These dogs gain hybrid vigor. 🛡 Stronger immune systems. 🐾 Better fertility & soundness. 📈 And they’re marketable because they expand the gene pool, not shrink it. ⚖️ Linebreeding may sharpen type, but if every generation leans on the same narrow pool of sires, the breed collapses inward. Outcrossing, thoughtfully done, isn’t about chasing fads — it’s about securing the future. Because in the end, it’s not about the ribbons or rankings. It’s about leaving Labradors better than we found them. It's County Fair Time! 🌟
This is that wonderful time of year when we not only showcase our prized cattle at various state fairs but also celebrate the spirit of community and togetherness that these events inspire. So far, we have exhibited at the Ohio State Fair, where we proudly came away with class wins, and our bull emerged as the champion of his division! The thrill of competition is exhilarating, but it also serves as a reminder of the importance of family and the bonds we share. As the fair season unfolds, my thoughts turn to the notion of “gatherings.” This year, we were fortunate enough to escape for a much-needed summer vacation with our family, a time of relaxation and rejuvenation that is essential for maintaining our well-being. This delightful experience prompted me to initiate the planning of our annual Fairfax Pines Family Reunion. Yes, this reunion is not just for our human family members but also for our beloved Fairfax Pines Families owning our puppies and dogs, who are an integral part of our lives. Each year, we dedicate time and effort to organizing this event, and the joy of seeing all of our Fairfax Pines families come together is truly heartwarming. It’s a chance for everyone to reconnect, share stories, and create new memories. The reunion is a celebration of our shared experiences and the enduring bonds we have formed, both with each other and with our dogs. However, it also brings a touch of melancholy as I reflect on how swiftly time passes. It feels like just yesterday that we were gathering for the first time, and now here we are, cherishing the moments we have with our extended family. We always consider our puppy families as part of our larger family unit, and it brings us immense joy to witness these long-lasting relationships flourish year after year. The dedication we show to maintaining these connections is a testament to the love and commitment we have for each other, and the reunion serves as a beautiful reminder of the importance of family, whether they walk on two legs or four. So, as we gear up for the festivities ahead, I look forward to the laughter, the shared meals, and the delightful chaos that only a family reunion can bring. It's these moments that make all our efforts worthwhile, and I can’t wait to see everyone, both human and canine, come together once again! 🐾❤️ Bravecto Quantum is marketed as a once-a-year injection administered by a veterinarian, designed to provide protection for dogs against fleas and ticks for a full 12 months. This long-lasting effect piqued my curiosity, prompting me to research what kind of substance could be classified as a poison that remains in a pet's body for such an extended period.
The mechanism of action for Bravecto involves circulating a pesticide throughout your dog’s bloodstream. When a flea or tick bites your pet, the pesticide acts swiftly, leading to the death of the parasite. However, it is crucial to note that this same pesticide lingers in your dog’s system for an entire year—an ENTIRE YEAR. This raises significant concerns, particularly regarding the potential for adverse reactions. If your dog experiences a severe reaction to this treatment, there is no way to reverse it. There is no antidote available; you are left to wait and hope that the side effects subside on their own. The drug class to which Bravecto belongs, known as isoxazolines, has already been flagged by the FDA for its association with serious side effects, including seizures, tremors, and various neurological issues in some dogs, even in those without any prior health complications. The pesticide specifically targets the nervous system of parasites, which raises the question: are we comfortable injecting such a substance into our beloved pets? During clinical trials for this new injection, dogs exhibited a range of concerning reactions, including vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. In rare instances, some dogs even experienced seizures. Alarmingly, about 5% of the dogs involved in these studies reported side effects, which is a significant statistic when considering the health of our pets. While I am not suggesting that every dog will have a negative reaction to Bravecto, it is essential to weigh the risks involved. If even a small percentage of dogs are susceptible to adverse effects, is it truly worth the risk? Especially when there are safer, more natural alternatives available that do not involve the use of pesticides? I firmly believe in exercising caution over convenience when it comes to the health and well-being of our pets. I wanted to share this information in case you come across Bravecto Quantum and are contemplating its use for your dog. And just to clarify, I am not a veterinarian. However, one does not need to be a veterinary professional to recognize that injecting a pesticide into our pets may not be the best course of action. It’s simply a matter of common sense. The simple act of coming home transforms because someone is eagerly waiting for you—not because they need anything, but simply because you're you. This unwavering loyalty creates a profound sense of connection that enriches your daily experiences. You might catch yourself sharing thoughts aloud, knowing there's a loyal companion by your side who doesn't judge or interrupt, allowing you to express your innermost feelings freely.
This friendship is straightforward and genuine. It's built on shared moments: early morning walks when the world is calm and the sun begins to rise, casting a golden glow on everything it touches. Afternoons spent lounging in the backyard become cherished rituals, where the gentle rustle of leaves and the soft hum of nature provide a backdrop to your quiet companionship. The comfort of a warm presence nearby when you're reading or working offers a unique kind of solace, a reminder that you are never truly alone. Your dog doesn't ask for much but gives plenty—a sense of connection that doesn't rely on words or conditions, but rather on the simple joy of being together. Over time, you start to see the world differently. Maybe you pause to appreciate the rustling of leaves because your dog stopped to sniff the air, reminding you to embrace the beauty of the present moment. Perhaps you meet new people at the park, forging connections with fellow dog lovers, and expand your circle in unexpected ways. These interactions often blossom into friendships that are rooted in shared experiences and mutual understanding. You learn that joy can be as simple as a playful bark or a shared glance, and you realize that some of the best friendships are those that remind you to savor the moment you're in. In this journey of companionship, you discover that the bond with your dog fosters a sense of peace within you. The worries of the day seem to fade away as you engage in the simple pleasures of life. Whether it's the rhythmic sound of paws padding beside you or the gentle nudge of a nose seeking attention, these moments cultivate a tranquil atmosphere that enhances your overall well-being. The unconditional love and acceptance from your dog will create a space where you can be yourself, free from the pressures of the outside world. Ultimately, the relationship you share with your dog is a testament to the power of connection and the peace it brings. It teaches you to appreciate the little things, to find joy in the mundane, and to cherish the bond that transcends words. As you navigate through life together, you come to understand that this friendship is not just about companionship; it is a journey filled with lessons, laughter, and an enduring sense of belonging. I think it’s easy to say that there is no such thing as “perfection,” specifically not in the world of our canine companions. The first rule of thumb is to not expect perfection. Instead, it is essential to embrace the journey of puppy raising, understanding that each puppy is unique and will develop at their own pace. There are, however, many different training exercises, brain games, and socialization opportunities we can provide to our puppies to help them be successful and well-adjusted members of our families.
Below is a list with details on some tips and tricks commonly used by pet owners and trainers alike to help raise and build a successful and confident partnership between human and dog! Start Training Early As previously mentioned, puppies are sponges and learn quickly at an early age. This is a critical period for their development, and the information they absorb during this time can shape their behavior for years to come. Commands such as sit, come, and leave it can be helpful to start with. It is advisable to keep your training sessions short, positive, and consistent, ideally lasting no longer than 5 to 10 minutes to maintain your puppy's attention. Always have a reward ready for your puppy, whether it be food, toys, or simply praise, as this positive reinforcement will encourage them to repeat the desired behaviors. Mannerisms Puppies can pick up bad habits as quickly as the good ones, making it crucial to discourage unwanted behaviors like nipping or jumping. It is important to redirect negative behaviors by providing alternatives and rewarding positive behaviors instead. For instance, if your puppy jumps up to greet you, you can teach them to sit first before receiving attention. This not only helps in correcting their behavior but also reinforces the bond of trust and communication between you and your puppy. Get in a Routine Structure is something a dog thrives on. A predictable schedule helps reduce anxiety and build good habits for a puppy! Establishing a routine for feeding, potty breaks, playtime, and training can provide your puppy with a sense of security. This consistency allows them to understand what is expected of them and when, which can significantly enhance their overall behavior and responsiveness. Socialization is Key Exposing your puppy to a variety of environments, dogs, people, and experiences will help them confidently navigate through life with less anxiety and fear of the “unknown.” In the service dog industry, this is among the most important aspects of dog training. Service dogs must be prepared to experience many different settings in the world, considering that they go most places a pet dog would not be allowed. Socializing your puppy can be tailored to your lifestyle; for example, if you live in a bustling city, frequent visits to parks, pet-friendly cafes, and busy streets can help your puppy adapt to various stimuli. Keep Your Puppy Engaged! Keeping your puppy both mentally and physically engaged helps them burn off energy that can otherwise be channeled into destructive or negative behaviors. A tired puppy is a good puppy. Engaging with your puppy through interactive toys, puzzle games, or even simple fetch can provide them with the stimulation they need. Additionally, incorporating training into playtime can reinforce learning while making it enjoyable. Engaging with your puppy is also a great way to build a bond that will last a lifetime, fostering trust and companionship that will enrich both your lives. By following these guidelines and remaining patient and observant, you can create a nurturing environment that allows your puppy to thrive. Remember, the journey of raising a puppy is filled with learning opportunities for both you and your furry friend, and with the right information and approach, you can cultivate a rewarding relationship that stands the test of time.
The mind behind the madness: Can I pull you for a chat? (Love Island... sorry, lol). Anyway, let's meet the breeder—me! (Grant will come later).
Tammy, here! I proudly retired after dedicating over 20 years of my life to West Virginia University, a place that has shaped my career and passion for knowledge. Prior to my tenure there, I spent two years at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, specifically NIOSH in Morgantown, WV. Growing up in Morgantown has instilled in me a deep-rooted affection for this state; I truly bleed gold and blue! With my extensive experience working in both government and academia, I have become highly goal-oriented and a meticulous planner. This trait is essential, especially when organizing various events, managing multi-million dollar budgets, and overseeing complex projects. Planning is not just a hobby for me; it is a necessity in my daily life. This meticulous planning extends into my passion for breeding and showing dogs. Did I mention passion!!! The layout and design of my website reflect this commitment to organization and transparency. Unlike many other breeder websites that may lack comprehensive information, I strive to ensure that families have access to as much data as possible. This includes everything from our waiting list to our detailed breeding plan. I believe that transparency is vital in fostering trust, particularly when prospective dog owners are looking to make informed decisions. I often receive questions and feedback regarding my breeding plan, with some other breeders labeling it as a potential red flag due to its forward-thinking nature. However, I have families who are eager to plan for a puppy in two years or more, believe it or not, some even inquire about my breeding plans as far ahead as 2028! This long-term vision is not just a whimsical notion; it is a strategic project that I undertake, keeping in mind the various factors and unknowns that can arise, especially when dealing with the unpredictability of mother nature. In conclusion, my approach is rooted in the belief that clear communication and good planning are paramount. By maintaining transparency at every step of the process, I hope to equip potential dog owners with the knowledge they need and ensure that they feel confident in their journey to welcoming a new puppy into their lives. As I remember WVU Football Coach Bill Stewart chanting... Its Mountaineer pride, nuthin cheap... from the heart! Leave no doubt.... <3 It's the Ole' Gold & Blue... Let's Talk About Stud Dog Management
Hmm, basically here at the Pines, we absolutely adore boy puppies! As it stands, we currently have nine, eeek! Yes, nine, but we consider old man Hank and Dune the lifer to be somewhat of a different category. This leaves us with five hopeful boys, including the established Rocky and Rumor, along with Dune, our forever house dog, and, of course, the venerable Hank. In the world of dog breeding, other breeders often campaign their boys extensively, pursuing a range of grand champion titles such as silver, bronze, and beyond. However, we have chosen a different path. Take Primo, for instance. He was shown, finished his championship, accumulated grand champion points, and even had the honor of being showcased at Westminster, marking a lovely show career. He was utilized not only by us but also by various other breeders in the field. Yet, despite his successes, once we had daughters and granddaughters, Primo was still only seven years old. Certainly, Primo was a joy to show; he had that undeniable pizzazz that made him stand out. However, he had always been a kennel dog, spending most of his time in that environment. While he did come into the house on occasion and formed a bond with our family, especially our grandchildren, things changed as we had offspring from him and when his daughters and granddaughters would enter their heat cycles. During these times, Primo was no longer “The Stud,” which was particularly torturous for him. Even though he continued to be utilized by outside breeders, I tend to humanize our dogs. I genuinely wanted Primo to experience the love of a family, to become the star in the life of a beautiful little girl, and to enjoy the simple pleasures of being a constant shotgun seat rider. Thus, despite Primo still being young and vibrant with so much to offer the breeding world, we made the conscious choice to let him find a family of his own—a cozy sofa to lounge on and the throne of all attention. This philosophy is why we refrain from keeping “Studs” forever. We love them dearly, showcase their incredible traits, and hope to create a legacy through their offspring that carries on their lovely type and temperament. And then, some lucky family hits the jackpot! In our backyard, you won’t find old dogs struggling to keep up with younger ones because each dog has a designated place to thrive. Their pack transforms into a lovely family unit that enjoys seaside beach escapes, fly fishing trips with dad, and the cherished moments of sitting at grandma's feet. They know she will sneak them a nibble of a cookie, which we all know they absolutely do NOT need! 😊 So that is how we do it here at the Pines, and we wouldn’t change our method for anything. It’s all about love, family, and ensuring that each of our beloved dogs can enjoy their retirement as cherished members of a family and become the family star they were born to be.... How We Plan and Complete a Breeding
The process of planning and executing a breeding is a meticulous endeavor that requires both science and dedication. Although each breeding cycle presents its own unique set of challenges and variables, we adhere to a structured approach that helps us navigate through the intricacies involved. Initial Signs and Tracking The journey begins when a female enters her heat cycle. While this is often accompanied by a noticeable indication, such as a drop of blood on the floor, the intensity and visibility of these signs can vary significantly. Once I observe this initial sign, I start counting the days, marking the beginning of a series of calculated steps. Typically, around day 7 of the cycle, we conduct a “same day” IDEXX progesterone test to establish a baseline hormonal level. Monitoring Hormonal Changes Following the initial baseline test, we maintain a rigorous schedule of progesterone testing every other day. This is a critical step in the process, as it allows us to monitor the hormonal changes within the female. The surge or spike in progesterone levels, which generally is a spike to 3 - 5, is particularly important. We aim for a progesterone level to reach at least 5 ng/mL, as this indicates optimal conditions for breeding. Once we confirm that the spike has occurred, we proceed with artificial insemination within 48 hours, utilizing a side-by-side approach for maximum effectiveness. Post-Breeding Care After the initial breeding, we prioritize the health of the female by administering a broad-spectrum antibiotic, specifically Baytril, for a duration of 10 days. This step is crucial in ensuring that any potential infection is mitigated, allowing for a healthier environment for the developing embryos. We typically schedule three breedings every other day to maximize the chances of successful fertilization, concluding this phase of the breeding process. Confirmation of Pregnancy Once the breeding phase is completed, we patiently count 30 to 32 days before performing an ultrasound to confirm pregnancy. This waiting period can be filled with anticipation, as each day brings us closer to the moment of truth. The ultrasound serves as a scientific tool that allows us to visualize the developing embryos and assess the health of the pregnancy. The Role of Veterinary Support Throughout this entire process, there are numerous trips to the veterinary office and various check-ups that play a vital role in ensuring the well-being of the female and her future offspring. The science behind each step of the breeding process is extensive, encompassing hormonal biology, reproductive health, and veterinary care. However, it is essential to acknowledge that the role of mother nature cannot be overlooked; her natural rhythms and cycles are just as significant in determining the success of the breeding. In conclusion, the breeding process is a blend of precise scientific methodologies and the dedication of those involved. By adhering to these steps and remaining attentive to both the female’s health and the scientific indicators, we aim to achieve a successful outcome that honors the complexities of nature and the intricacies of animal husbandry. I use this blog to share information about just about everything, but to also chronicle joyful and sad events that happen along our journey. Each post serves as a reflection of our experiences, illustrating the milestones we encounter, both big and small. It is a space where I express my love for storytelling, allowing me to connect with readers through shared emotions and insights. As we traverse through various chapters of life, every milestone becomes a testament to the lessons learned and the love shared along the way. I hope to foster a sense of community where individuals can find solace in knowing they are not alone, and where the informative nature of the content encourages thoughtful reflection on their own experiences. Through this blog, I share news, stories, of the complexities of Labrador and family life, celebrating the joyous moments, and finding strength in the darker times. Yesterday was the 1 year anniversary of our girl we lost last year.. Fairfax Pines Finest Lady Rose. This is a very small glimpse and remembrance of our very first "Lady" at the Pines. Fairfax Pines Finest Lady - Stranger to Blue Water "Lady" Sadly, Lady passed away today, she was the "First Lady" at Fairfax Pines, along with her sister Daisy "Fairfax Pines Cheat Mountain Gold" - Que Country Roads.. 😢 "if you know, you know... " its a West Virginia Thing... ❤ and the song that Lady was named after... Lady was smart, too smart... mischievous, tough as nails, fearless, and above all else, loving and very devoted... out of all of our dogs, I have the most stories about Lady... all of her antics.. would have given her son Dune a run for his money! Hmm the missing cell phone, the chocolate chip cookie bars my mother in law baked, the bowling ball polish, the jewelry heist, the basement remodel Lady DIY style, the famous fence jumper are just a few oh and eating raw before it was cool (live chicken style lol) - Dune will have to have a chapter in his Chronicles about his Momma for sure! Lady was a wonderful mother, I remember one time I was at work, and I could see the puppy camera and Lady had ruffled her blankets and I was worried she might lay on a puppy, I asked my Mom to go to the house and fix it .. and she did... however if you ever met Lady and Daisy, no matter how many times you greeted them they were always "on guard" lol - My mom took an umbrella for protection... to fend off Lady and I am sure Lady was wondering why my mother had a fully opened umbrella in the house coming at her and her precious pups! lol My mom called me and was like this dog is going to attack me Tammy!! I said mom I see you on the camera why do you have an umbrella... just close it and talk to her.. lol of course once my mom let down her umbrella shield, all was well, and she sat for a while with Lady and the puppies and made sure all was well ❤ On the farm Lady, and her sister Daisy were never fenced they roamed the farm I mean, they owned the place after all... they would lay on the porch and meander to the pond for afternoon swims and was always ready to inspect any deliveries and visitors... Lady was a character, but that was what was so special, Lady taught me so much.. mostly to not freak out when dogs eat things.. but she had a love like no other, all she wanted was to be close to you no matter what you were doing.. certainly the truest purest love comes from God, and the next best thing comes from your dog.. You are home sweet girl ❤ till we meet again, greet my mom with a waggy tail and a kiss and keep her safe.. Que Country Roads ~ Almost heaven, West Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah River Life is old there, older than the trees Younger than the mountains, growin' like a breeze Country roads, take me home To the place I belong West Virginia, mountain mama Take me home, country roads All my memories gather 'round her Miner's lady, stranger to blue water Dark and dusty, painted on the sky Misty taste of moonshine, teardrop in my eye Country roads, take me home To the place I belong West Virginia, mountain mama Take me home, country roads I hear her voice in the mornin' hour, she calls me The radio reminds me of my home far away Drivin' down the road, I get a feelin' That I should've been home yesterday, yesterday Country roads, take me home To the place I belong West Virginia, mountain mama Take me home, country roads We want you to feel connected as families, friends and followers... We post puppy photos and videos daily because we genuinely believe that families deserve to witness our journey every step of the way. This commitment reflects our thoughtful approach to breeding and raising puppies, ensuring that families are well-informed about our practices. We want them to feel assured that the well-being of our puppies is always our top priority.
By sharing regular updates, we not only cater to the curiosity of families but also foster a caring environment where they can feel connected with the puppies throughout the entire first eight weeks of their lives. This period is crucial for puppies as they undergo significant developmental stages, and we want families to feel involved and engaged in this process. Our dedication to transparency means that families can follow along with each adorable moment, whether it's a playful romp in the grass or a peaceful nap in the sun. We aim to create a sense of community and connection, allowing families to develop a bond with their future puppy even before they bring them home. This thoughtful engagement helps ensure that when the time comes for families to welcome their new puppy, they do so with excitement and confidence, knowing that they have been part of this journey from the very beginning. How we do it! All of our Fairfax Pines puppies are born inside our home, in our cozy sunroom located just off the living room. This welcoming space serves as a nurturing environment for our newborns, and it features a delightful nap swing, which I can assure you comes in handy during the intensive birthing process and for the following two weeks as we care for these fragile beings. The sunroom, with its warm ambiance and rugged log walls, transforms into our favorite sanctuary, where we often find ourselves drifting into an afternoon nap when not attending to our puppies. Once the puppies reach about the two-to-three-week mark, they transition to our Puppy Nursery Building. This facility is dedicated solely to the puppies and their nursing mothers, ensuring a peaceful and distraction-free environment. We believe that creating a space where our mothers feel safe and secure is paramount. By keeping the nursery exclusive to these delicate family units, we minimize the potential for stress that could arise from the presence of other dogs, thus fostering a more caring atmosphere. The nursery is equipped with climate control, featuring an independent radiant floor heating system that maintains a consistent temperature tailored to the needs of our puppies and their mothers. Unlike traditional heat lamps or potentially hazardous electric and kerosene heaters, our system prioritizes safety and comfort. Additionally, we utilize vinyl composite puppy quarters that are easy to clean and sanitize, eliminating the risk of snagging collars on cold chain link fencing that can lead to stress or kennel phobia. The nursery also boasts hot and cold water facilities, along with numerous light-filled windows that provide beautiful views of the surrounding landscape. To further enhance their development, the nursery includes an outdoor play area designed for enjoyment and socialization. During the summer months, our puppies have the chance to splash in their own puppy pool, allowing them to gain supervised experiences with water. There's also a ball pit and slide that provide opportunities for interactive play, fostering a sense of love and connection among the puppies as they explore their environment. A significant focus goes into the socialization of our puppies during their first eight weeks, which is crucial for their development into well-adjusted adult dogs.
By investing this level of thoughtfulness and care into each puppy's upbringing, we ensure they are not only well-socialized but also prepared for a loving transition into their forever homes. Each step we take during these formative weeks is aimed at nurturing their natural instincts and fostering a caring, loving demeanor that will serve them well throughout their lives Although we love showcasing our dogs, we take immense pride in the personal connection we have with them. There is a unique joy that comes from showing a puppy that you have raised from the very beginning, nurturing them with care and dedication. Our true expertise lies in raising healthy, beautiful, and well-balanced puppies that not only meet the breed standard but also embody the characteristics that make the breed special.
Our commitment to transparency is the hallmark of our operation. We warmly welcome visits to our farm, allowing potential puppy families to witness firsthand the environment in which our dogs are raised. It has been our pleasure to meet many families at the dog shows we attend, where they can see the fruits of our labor and experience the joy that our dogs bring in and out of the show ring. This personal interaction not only helps build trust but also creates lasting relationships within the community of dog enthusiasts. As we maintain a large social media presence, our website serves as a comprehensive chronicle of our journey, offering insights into our breeding practices and the daily lives we lead with our dogs. It is essential, however, to exercise caution when browsing breeder websites; some can be overly extravagant, not only in their pricing but also in their claims. Beware of those who might present fraudulent awards and accolades that are not substantiated by facts. For instance, I am aware of a breeder who boasts about being at the pinnacle of the breeding world, providing a seemingly impressive list of champion dogs that, upon closer inspection, does not hold up to scrutiny. A quick search on the AKC website reveals that they have only produced 11 champions throughout their lengthy career, a figure that starkly contrasts with their grandiose claims. This misleading representation is not only disheartening but also underscores a deeper issue within the breeding community; it can deceive unsuspecting puppy families into believing they are acquiring a quality puppy when, in reality, they might be falling prey to a sad, fabricated narrative. The reality is that this breeder campaigned a dog for months, investing thousands into grooming and showcasing, only to discover that their efforts did not yield the expected results—failing to make the Top 20, a disheartening outcome for any breeder who seeks validation through accolades. Moreover, they campaigned another dog for years, yet this animal proved to be a nonviable stud, never producing a single puppy. Such instances raise a red flag about the integrity of the breeder's claims, suggesting that they may feel the need to inflate their winnings and accolades to maintain a facade of success. This pattern of behavior reflects a troubling trend in the world of dog breeding, where the lines between genuine achievement and fraudulent representation can become blurred. Families seeking to welcome a new puppy into their lives deserve transparency and honesty, not the sad reality of a breeder who prioritizes an image of success over the well-being of the animals and the families they serve. In a field where trust is paramount, the emergence of such fake narratives serves only to undermine the efforts of responsible breeders, who work diligently to produce healthy, well-bred dogs. Ultimately, it is crucial for prospective puppy owners to conduct thorough research and remain vigilant against the potential for fraud in the breeding industry. Ensure that you are making an informed decision, it is critical to conduct thorough research on breeders. Look for genuine testimonials, verify claims through credible sources within the closely knit labrador community, and always ask to see the environment where the puppies are raised. Being vigilant and informed can help you avoid the pitfalls of fraud and ensure that you find a reputable breeder who prioritizes the health and well-being of their dogs. Remember, a responsible breeder will be transparent about their practices and will welcome your inquiries with open arms. #21aintsobad #dontoverlookfraud #manbehindthemask #AKCChampionlookup #Lieslieslies #fakedogs #craycray Horses and hounds share many fascinating similarities, particularly when it comes to their health and the vital importance of movement and function. Both species rely heavily on their physical capabilities to thrive, whether in competitive environments or in their natural habitats. This connection highlights the broader theme of how knowledge and experience in animal physiology can inform our understanding of their needs.
In the animal kingdom, there are numerous anomalies that capture our attention, especially among the most celebrated athletes. Take, for instance, the legendary racehorse Secretariat, whose remarkable cardiothoracic cavity contributed to his extraordinary performance on the racetrack. His unique anatomical structure allowed him to run with unparalleled speed and stamina, cementing his status as a legendary figure in equine history. This serves as a reminder that nature often produces extraordinary variations, reinforcing the idea that what may seem like a disadvantage can, in fact, lead to spectacular outcomes. Another compelling example is John Henry, a racehorse who defied all odds. Despite having a crooked leg and a stature that resembled that of a mule, he was castrated, which many believed would hinder his racing career. However, John Henry proved naysayers wrong with his remarkable achievements, winning 39 out of 83 races between 1977 and 1984. His tenacity and spirit earned him the Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year not once, but twice, and he was subsequently ranked #23 on Blood Horse magazine's Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century. This illustrates how experience and resilience can overshadow physical imperfections, shedding light on the importance of not succumbing to tunnel vision when evaluating potential in any living being. Nature has an inherent way of surprising us, reminding us of the invaluable lessons that can be gleaned from both successes and failures. It encourages us to embrace diversity and to recognize the unique paths that different animals take, often leading to unexpected triumphs. As we reflect on these remarkable stories, it is crucial to remember the adage: never throw out the baby with the bathwater. In the pursuit of understanding the intricacies of animal health and performance, we must remain open-minded and appreciative of the myriad ways in which nature manifests its wonders. As a dedicated breeder, we have an impressive array of health testing tools at our disposal. Among these is the invaluable “swab” test, which enables us to examine the full genetic panel of our dogs. This detailed analysis reveals a variety of traits they carry, encompassing everything from common diseases to coat length and color. These tests are not only simple and easy to perform, but they are also vital in ensuring that we are producing Labrador Retrievers that will, in turn, produce puppies unaffected by diseases or undesirable attributes.
In addition to genetic testing, we employ orthopedic tests, most notably the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) evaluations. These tests involve taking X-rays of various joints, including hips, elbows, patellas, and shoulders. Once completed, these X-rays are submitted to the OFA, where experienced veterinarians assess and grade them based on established criteria. Once a dog reaches the age of 24 months, the results can be added to a comprehensive database, which becomes accessible to the public if the owner chooses to share this information. Many breeders opt for "preliminary" X-rays, which are also graded through the Orthopedic Foundation. This preliminary assessment serves to provide a baseline understanding of whether a dog is likely to be successful in the competitive show world and capable of being a star in a breeding program. However, it is important to understand that the views on these X-rays can be subjective and may vary from one evaluator to another. Given the subjective nature of these assessments, there is a range of opinions regarding what constitutes an ideal score. The Orthopedic Foundation does not hold the definitive say on the matter; rather, their evaluations represent the informed opinions of specific veterinarians. This is particularly relevant for large breed dogs, which place approximately 70% of their weight on their front ends. Therefore, these ratings should be utilized as a tool to make informed decisions based on health, rather than being taken as absolute truths. A knowledgeable breeder understands that these health testing tools—comprising genetic testing and orthopedic evaluations—are essential in preventing tunnel vision when it comes to breeding decisions. By leveraging this knowledge and experience, breeders can effectively navigate the complexities of canine genetics and health. They can breed around potential issues, thereby striving to produce the best possible dogs with strong health backgrounds, desirable traits, and the potential to thrive in both the show ring and as beloved family companions. This approach not only enhances the quality of the breeding program but also contributes positively to the breed as a whole. Understanding the Role of Sexual Hormones in Labrador Development Sexual hormones play a pivotal role in the overall development and health of Labradors. These hormones are not just a biological aspect; they are essential for the proper maturation of various physical structures. By removing these hormones, you significantly increase the risk of your dog developing serious health problems later in life, which can adversely affect their overall wellness. This hormonal influence is also believed to contribute to what many refer to as the “American Labrador” look, a distinct physical variation that has emerged over time. The Importance of Hormones in Growth Labradors require these hormones to facilitate the development of critical physical attributes, including their jaw structure, hips, elbows, and overall bone density, encompassing the head, legs, and ribs. Additionally, these hormones are crucial for the gradual dropping of their chest, an important characteristic of the breed. It is essential to note that Labradors do not reach their full physical maturity until they are between 18 to 24 months old. This developmental phase encompasses various aspects, including height, weight, bone growth, and the maturity of hormones, which collectively contribute to their health and wellness. Hormones are the drivers of natural growth in the body. When it comes to responsible breeding practices, breeders typically certify the hips and elbows of Labradors at the age of two years. The rationale behind the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) checks occurring at 24 months is that this is the age when the growth plates in the joints have closed completely, indicating that the dog has reached its full growth potential. If hormones are removed prematurely, it can lead to improper growth patterns, which may manifest as skeletal issues or other health complications. A Broader Perspective on Health and Wellness From a broader perspective, understanding the role of hormones in canine development is paramount for anyone considering breeding or adopting a Labrador. Ensuring that these animals grow up with their natural hormones intact is not only beneficial for their physical appearance but also vital for their long-term health and wellness. The choices made during the early stages of a Labrador's life can have lasting implications, influencing not just their physical attributes but also their quality of life. In conclusion, the significance of sexual hormones in the development of Labradors cannot be overstated. By allowing these hormones to play their natural role, we support the overall health and wellness of these beloved pets, ensuring they grow into their best selves both physically and emotionally. STUDY 1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12433723 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Nov;11(11):1434-40. Endogenous gonadal hormone exposure and bone sarcoma risk. Cooley DM, Beranek BC, Schlittler DL, Glickman NW, Glickman LT, Waters DJ. Source: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. Abstract Although, experimental and clinical evidence suggest that endogenous sex hormones influence bone sarcoma genesis, the hypothesis has not adequately tested in an appropriate animal model. We conducted a historical cohort study of Rottweiler dogs because they frequently undergo elective gonadectomy and spontaneously develop appendicular bone sarcomas, which mimic the biological behavior of the osteosarcomas that affect children and adolescents. Data were collected by questionnaire from owners of 683 Rottweiler dogs living in North America. To determine whether there was an association between endogenous sex hormones and risk of bone sarcoma, relative risk (RR) of incidence rates and hazard ratios for bone sarcoma were calculated for dogs subdivided on the basis of lifetime gonadal hormone exposure. Bone sarcoma was diagnosed in 12.6% of dogs in this cohort during 71,004 dog-months follow-up. So the Risk for bone sarcoma was significantly influenced by age at gonadectomy. The male and female dogs that underwent gonadectomy before 1 year of age had an approximate one in four lifetime risk for bone sarcoma and were significantly more likely to develop bone sarcoma than dogs that were sexually intact [RR +/-95% CI = 3.8 (1.5-9.2) for males; RR +/-95% CI = 3.1 (1.1-8.3) for females]. Chi(2) test for trend showed a highly significant inverse dose-response relationship between duration of lifetime gonadal exposure and incidence rate of bone sarcoma (P = 0.008 for males, P = 0.006 for females). This association was independent of adult height or body weight. We conclude that the subset of Rottweiler dogs that undergo early gonadectomy represent a unique, highly accessible target population to further study the gene:environment interactions that determine bone sarcoma risk and to test whether interventions can inhibit the spontaneous development of bone sarcoma. STUDY 2 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11202221 J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000;13 Suppl 6:1439-55. Estrogen, bone, growth and sex: a sea change in conventional wisdom. Grumbach MM. Source Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0434, USA. [email protected] Abstract The discovery of a man with a homozygous mutation in the estrogen receptor alpha gene, which results in estrogen-receptor alpha resistance, and of males and females with autosomal recessive mutations in the CYP19 gene encoding aromatase, which leads to a failure to synthesize estrogens, has challenged conventional wisdom about the ‘unimportant’ role of estrogen in the male. For example, in the male, estrogen (not androgen) derived from direct testicular secretion (approximately 20%) and from extragonadal aromatization of testosterone and androstenedione (approximately 80%), is the critical sex hormone in the pubertal growth spurt, skeletal maturation, accrual of peak bone mass, and the maintenance of bone mass in the adult. Estrogen stimulates chondrogenesis in the epiphyseal growth plate increasing pubertal linear growth. At puberty, estrogen promotes skeletal maturation and the gradual, progressive closure of the epiphyseal growth plate, possibly as a consequence of both estrogen-induced vascular and osteoblastic invasion and the termination of chondrogenesis. In addition, during puberty and into the third decade, estrogen has an anabolic effect on the osteoblast and an apoptotic effect on the osteoclast, increasing bone mineral acquisition in axial and appendicular bone. In the adult, estrogen is important in maintaining the constancy of bone mass through its effects on remodeling and bone turnover. Establishing a role for estrogen does not exclude a direct action of testosterone on bone in the human male (especially on cortical bone), but this action is less characterized than thought in the past and is relatively minor in comparison with the major effect of estrogen in the male. STUDY 3 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15577502 Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Dec;(429):301-5. Canine ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy increases the prevalence of ACL injury. Slauterbeck JR, Pankratz K, Xu KT, Bozeman SC, Hardy DM. Source Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3601 4th St., 4A136, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. [email protected] Abstract To determine whether canine ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy affects the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, we compared injury rates of anterior cruciate ligaments of animals that had gonadectomy and animals that were sexually intact as a function of gender, breed, or size. Records of 3218 dogs treated in one orthopaedic veterinary practice during a 2-year period, retrospectively reviewed. Anterior cruciate ligament injury, diagnosed by a history of acute hind limb lameness and by positive anterior drawer test, was confirmed at the time of surgery. The prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in all dogs was 3.48%. However, females that had ovariohysterectomy and males that had orchiectomy had a significantly higher prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament rupture than the sexually intact dogs. Larger dogs had an increased prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with smaller or medium-sized dogs, with the increased rupture rates for sterilized animals holding across breeds and sizes. Thus. sterilization of either gender increased the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, suggesting a potential effect of gonadal gender on prevalence of injury of this ligament. STUDY 4 http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2004.224.380 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association February 1, 2004, Vol. 224, No. 3, Pages 380-387 doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.380 Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs C. Victor Spain, DVM, PhD Janet M. Scarlett, DVM, PhD Katherine A. Houpt, VMD, PhD, DACVB Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. (Spain, Scarlett); Present address: Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, 500 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19146. (Spain); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. (Houpt) Objective — To evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy, compared with traditional- age gonadectomy, among dogs adopted from a large animal shelter. Design — Retrospective cohort study. Animals — 1,842 dogs. Procedure — Dogs underwent gonadectomy and adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery. Adopters completed a questionnaire about their dogs’ behavior and medical history. When possible, the dogs’ veterinary records were reviewed. Associations between the occurrence of 56 medical and behavioral conditions and dogs’ age at gonadectomy were evaluated. Results — Among female dogs, early-age gonadectomy associated with increased rate of cystitis and decreasing age at gonadectomy associated with increased rate of urinary incontinence. Among male and female dogs with early-age gonadectomy, hip dysplasia, noise phobias, and sexual behaviors get an increment, whereas obesity, separation anxiety, escaping behaviors, inappropriate elimination when frightened, and relinquishment for any reason were decreased. |
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